The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Essay Example For Students

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Essay The Merchant of Venice was first written sometime between 1594 and 1597 by William Shakespeare. It was produced in London and was seen by many people including King James I, who demanded to see it again, proving the play to be very successful for Shakespeare. Although a lot of controversy was made because of the character Shylock, who was Jewish. During the Middle Ages, all Jews were expelled from England and werent allowed to return until nearly 300 years later. When they were permitted to live in England again, they were forced to wear red hats so they were easily identified. If they ignored this rule they would be sentenced to death. We will write a custom essay on The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They were forced to live in ghettos guarded by Christians and were expected to pay them for providing safety. Since then Jews have been mistreated even more. The prime example is during World War II, where 6 million Jews were killed in the concentration camps in Germany. After various other persecutions of Jews in Israel and Northern Africa, it has made it rather difficult to ever stage The Merchant of Venice again as it would receive a lot of criticism and be interpreted as anti-Semitism because of the mistreatment of the character Shylock. The theatre has changed a lot since the 16th century. Everyone is allowed a seat today no matter what there religion, society status or race. In the 16th century it was completely the opposite. Upper class people were provided with the best seats, usually high up in the theatre in the balconies where you had the best view of the play, and were treated like royalty having gourmet snacks and drinks prepared for them. The lower people in society would have to stand in the pit if they wanted to watch a performance. The rich people would throw their rubbish down onto the poor and it was very rarely cleaned after each performance, which meant the smell was worse each time you went. Because of the standing audience, the stage was slanted slightly so they could see everything that was going on in the play. Today we are all treated the same and are all given a suitable seat within the theatre. We are all allowed to buy the snacks and sweets on offer and enjoy the play within a nice environment. The stage for Act 4 Scene 1 is very important as it is set within a courtroom and needs to fully portray the tension, anger and depression this situation has produced between Shylock and Antonio. With Shylock putting his friendships on the line and Antonio his body, the matter becomes very serious. Therefore the stage needs to exemplify this intentness with certain colours, props and lighting. I have chosen to lay down on the stage during the scene a red carpet and the background will be an orangey brown colour with various props such as plants and statues scattered around behind the characters. The red carpet will create a sense of tension and anger between Shylock and Antonio and the props will restore normality into the courtroom. Also during the part of the play where Portia tells Shylock he isnt allowed to shed a drop of blood from Antonio, the red carpet will act as an opposite to this situation. The arrangement of characters will be important as some characters cant be next to or near each other. For example, it is not wise to put Bassanio and Gratiano next to Shylock, because they are against each other in this case. Also, the audience needs to be able to see the main characters well, so extra people need to stand behind. I would place the Duke and his officials on the audiences left and Antonio at the back, then the extras to the right and Bassanio and Gratiano in front. Shylock would stand between the Duke and Antonio, but would move around the stage when speaking. Nerissa will stand along side Gratiano after giving the letter and Portia will stand with the Duke. The Duke and his officials will be sat at tables and Antonio will be placed on a big wooden armchair. Everybody will be in clear view of the audience and will be heard well as the actors will project their voices when speaking. There will be lights shining down on the main characters when they are giving important speeches and music playing when tension is building. For example, when Shylock is about to cut the bosom of Antonio, the lights will dim and the music will increase in volume and pace until Portia shouts Tarry a little to end the dramatic tension. The entrances of each character are very meaningful in this scene and each have a reason behind them. Antonio is extremely nervous about the trial and has to be dragged by two officials into the court room, as he has lost his pride and cannot see his future after the trial. Bassanio and Gratiano enter with Antonio, worried for him and are there to comfort him the best they can, but fail to boost his confidence. Bassanio starts to fell a sense of guilt because of what he has started, but hides his feelings and prepares himself to do the best he can to persuade Shylock to stop this trial. Shylock enters full of stubbornness and maliciousness and by these actions you can see that he has no intentions of backing down and forgetting about the whole thing. He immediately gets out a knife and starts to sharpen it on the bottom of his leather boot. .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .postImageUrl , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:hover , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:visited , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:active { border:0!important; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:active , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter EssayAntonio is placed on the big wooden armchair and gazes at Shylock as if he was in a trance. Bassanio and Gratiano stand opposite Shylock doing the same, but with more emotion. Shylock ignores them and continues to sharpen his knife. Nerissas entrance has to be authentic and persuasive for Portias plan to work. The Duke has to accept Bellarios letter without spotting anything wrong with Nerissas appearance and personality. Also her disguise must be good enough to fool Gratiano therefore she must keep her composure and swiftly make her way towards the Duke. When delivering her lines she must also sustain a worthy male tone. Portia will have to do the same, but with more control and for longer. Her entrance will be a conclusion of the letter as it describes her well and defines the illusion that she is male. This will be very important in the outcome of the trial, as Portia is the one with control over Shylock because of the loophole in the bond. As Nerissa enters she will glance at Gratiano then Antonio for a brief second as she is making her way towards the Duke. This will remind the audience of the relationship between Nerissa and Gratiano. After handing over the letter, Nerissa will make her way over to Gratiano and stand beside him for the rest of the scene. Portia will make no eye movement towards Bassanio when entering as she is trying to make herself as professional as possible. The Duke will greet her and then she will begin to ask questions to Shylock and Antonio, thus beginning the breakdown of Shylock. The first lines of Act 4 Scene 1 are very important as we see the Duke showing sympathy towards Antonio. He explains the horror that Shylock has created and that he cannot do anything about it except persuade Shylock to forgive and forget. Antonio understands that there is little that can be done and that it is very unlikely that Shylock will back down as he is a very merciless man. We see these emotions in lines 3-6 where the Duke says I am sorry for thee. Thou art come to answer a stony adversary. This perhaps creates a bond, a friendship, a trust between the two men as Antonio is relying on the Duke to somehow rescue him from the clutches of Shylocks twisted and evil mind. We see Antonio saying He stands obdurate and that no lawful means can carry me out of his envys reach, but inside he is hoping that he can be freed and forgiven by Shylock. All of this is happening before Shylock enters so Antonio can show his feelings towards the Duke without revealing any weaknesses that Shylock could pick up on and tease about. Shylocks character throughout the scene changes a lot. We see many different emotions from him and there are times where he really makes us feel angry and shocked. Other times he makes us, in a way, feel sympathy towards him when he spirals out of control and cannot save himself. Shylock enters the scene very cocky and arrogant as if he has already committed the deed on Antonio and quickly starts to make his arrival well known. He gets out his knife and sharpens it with the bottom of his leather boot as a taunt towards Antonio. His attitude towards the Duke is calm and collected because of his power, but his attitudes towards Bassanio and Gratiano are as if they should just stop trying to help Antonio. Shylock has no intention at all of relinquishing the bond and forgiving Antonio, therefore he rejects Bassanios offer of six thousand ducats to let Antonio free and continues to wait until he can take the pound of flesh. This creates the sense that Shylock is a blood thirsty man and will not leave without claiming the prize he has earned. Antonio has no other choice but to take the verbal attacks from Shylock and sit back and watch him walk around full of joy and happiness. Shylock wants to make Antonio feel worthless and treats him like a lower lifeform just like Antonio used to do to Shylock. Shylocks thunder is stolen when Nerissa enters with the letter. He is startled that someone is interrupting him and doesnt know whats going on. He becomes wary but doesnt show this as he is trying not to reveal any weak signs to Antonio, Bassanio or Gratiano. If he did then they could crack his shell and get inside his mind and unveil the truths which Shylock beholds. While Nerissa is handing over the letter, Shylock will be pacing up and down infuriated and anxious to get the trial over and done with. We begin to see another side of Shylock during the presence of Portia. After listening to the Duke read the letter out Shylock watches the entrance of Portia with nervousness but doesnt show these emotions. Portia dressed as Doctor Balthazar, enters with the knowledge of there being a loop hole within the bond. She identifies who is who, even though she already knows, and then begins to infiltrate her well created plan. As she slowly introduces this well found trap in the bond, Shylock loses all hope of winning this trial and begins to disintegrate and collapse into the powerless human being he used to be and believes he has failed himself and his religion. .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .postImageUrl , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:hover , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:visited , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:active { border:0!important; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:active , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What is the Dramatic Significance of Act 1 Scene 5 of  Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet'? EssayWhen she finally reveals the final blow, Shylock knows there is no way of battling back and accepts defeat. He will fall to his knees and then hang his head in shame. As part of the agreement Shylock is made to convert to Christianity and when he dies pass on all his possessions to Jessica and Lorenzo. This may seem a hard contest to tackle, but I believe that for Shylock it is a chance to begin a new life and change his outlook towards society. He may have lost his right to go into any Synagogue, but there is nothing stopping him believing what he wants to believe. Portia is known to show mercy and no mercy during this scene and it is mainly aimed towards Shylock. During her arrival into the courtroom she gathers some basic information about Shylock and Antonio then begins to evaluate the merciless character of Shylock. Shylock becomes confident around Portia when she speeds up the procedure and states that the bond says that Shylock is able to take a pound of flesh from Antonio. Portia knows that Shylock has fallen into a trap and is going to be shocked when he discovers the loop hole that the bond has within it. At this time Portia will be standing a long side the Duke keeping her composure and waiting for the right moment to activate her plan. During her first speech she mentions mercy quite a lot. I think that she is doing this to drill it into Shylocks mind that he should think deeply about what he is doing and if it is a good or bad thing to do. She believes that Shylock is disobeying the, not official, but should be taken account of, rules of his religion and this may make him go to hell after his death. Shylock may have thought about this, but believes that he is doing nothing wrong as this is part of a signed agreement and Antonio has gotten himself into this situation. As Portia begins to release her merciless attack on Shylock, she overpowers him with the loop hole within the bond. She says it as if Shylock should of accepted defeat early on and now must suffer the consequences for being a greedy old man. As Shylock is preparing to finish the trial and take the pound of flesh, Portia will shout Tarry a little, there is something else. Shylock will turn around and face Portia with confusion. As she goes onto explain that Shylock must not shed a drop of blood, Shylock will begin to collapse. Portia is happy that Shylock is feeling like this and continues unmercifully to reveal more unseen problems that this agreement has produced. She watches Shylock fall apart and inside feels she has succeeded, but doesnt show this as it would give away her identity. As Shylock exits Portia will step down from the table and walk into the middle of the stage where she will be greeted by Bassanio and Gratiano. As Shylock leaves the courtroom on his own he will be feeling a variety of feelings. He will feel like a failure, an idiot and a Christian. He gets up from his knees and boldly states I am not well. Send the deeds after me and I will sign it. As he slowly makes his way out of the court, he will make brief eye contact with Antonio and see a happy and relieved man. Shylock doesnt understand why he has been interpreted as the villain in this situation. After years of being mistreated by Antonio and other Christians, he feels that he has a good right to his actions and now he is being punished for it. Outside of the court Shylock will look down and see Christian hands waving in front of him. At this point Shylock will not be able to contain his emotions and break down into tears on the streets of Venice. To conclude Act 4 Scene 1, we know that Shylock lost the trial and Antonio won. Shylock had entered with the intention of claiming a pound of flesh, but didnt succeed. Antonio must feel relieved for getting out of this with his bosom and feel great happiness towards Doctor Balthazar (Portia). The intended outcome for Shylock didnt happen and he had no idea about there being a possible loop hole in the bond. Therefore he has suffered the consequences and learned that he shouldnt be so evil just to get his own back on Antonio. We know that Shylock has been mistreated by Antonio and he wants to get revenge but he should stay calm and ignore it. He should have obeyed his religion and now he has been forced to leave it. Overall, Portia has succeeded the most as she has successfully completed her plan. She has kept her disguise well and cracked the mind of Shylock. Now Shylock is left as a Christian unable to enter any Synagogue ever again, just because of his revengeful plan towards Antonio.

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Basketball History and Rules

Basketball History and Rules In 1891 a simple game was invented that changed the world. Basketball is a athletic sport usually played on an indoor court where two teams of five each attempt to score by shooting the basketball into one of two baskets at each end of the court. The team who scores the most baskets wins the game. Because of its continuous action and frequent scoring basketball is one of the most popular spectator sports in the world. Basketball can be played outdoors as well, it was invented to serve as an exciting indoor game for the winter months and to be played with less contact than football. It quickly became a spectator sport. Now basketball attracts larger audiences than ever especially in the United States, South America, and Europe. Basketball has a long, rich history dating back to the late 19th century when the hoop was first invented. Basketball was invented in December 1891 by James Naismith.ÂÂ   He introduced the game when he was a teacher at the Young Mens Christian Association Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.ÂÂ   He came up with the game when his superior told him to think of a fun game for indoor winter play. The game involved parts of American football, soccer, and hockey, and the first ball used was a soccer ball. Teams had nine players and the goals were wooden peach baskets fixed to the walls. After the peach basket it was replaced by a metal rim and a net but the net was closed at the bottom.ÂÂ   Teams of five became standard by 1897-1898. The game rapidly spread around the United States and Canada it wasnt until the early 1940s when it reached other parts of the world. U.S. servicemen in World War II popularized the sport in many other countries. A number of U.S. colleges adopted the game between 1893 and 1895. In 1934 the first college games were staged in New York Citys Madison Square Garden and college basketball began to attract more and more interest. By the 1950s basketball had become a major college sport paving the way for a growth of interest in professional basketball where the BAA basketball association of america was organised in June 1946. The first pro league the National Basketball League was formed in 1898. This league only lasted five years before being shut down its demise spawned a number of lesser organized leagues throughout the United States. Another league that tried to spring up was the ABL american basketball league started by Josepn Carr in 1925. This league ultimately failed leading to the merge of the BAA and NBL creating todays NBA. In 1949 two different leagues the National Basketball League and the Basketball Association of America merged to create the National Basketball Association. One of the first and greatest pro teams was the Original Celtics organized about 1915 in New York City. They played as many as 150 games a season and dominated basketball until 1936 when more teams entered the league. The Boston Celtics, led by their center Bill Russell dominated the NBA from the late 1950s through the 1960s. Wilt Chamberlain a center for the Los Angeles Lakers was another leading player during the era his battles with Russell were eagerly anticipated by NBA fans around the world. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar also a center came into the spotlight during the 1970s. Jabbar perfected his famous sky hook shot while playing for the Los Angeles Lakers and dominated the opposition.The Harlem Globetrotters were founded in 1927 as a exhibition team this is a rare non competitive team that specializes in amusin fans and ball handling. The NBA suffered a drop in popularity during the late 1970s but was resurrected through the growing popularity of its most prominent stars. Larry Bird of the Boston Celtics and Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers are credited with creating excitement and bringing people into the league in the 1980s through their superior skill and decade long rivalry. During the 1980s Michael Jordan of the Chicago Bulls rose to stardom and the Bulls dominated the NBA during the 1990s. A new generation of basketball stars started to rise including Shaquille ONeal of the Orlando Magic and Larry Johnson of the Charlotte Hornets helped the NBAs growth in popularity. The european basketball league started in 1893 when the first game was played at a YMCA in Paris. European players have changed how the way basketball is played. Toni Kukoc the first established Euro player and one of the best euro players of all time. They have been known to be some of the best shooters in basketball. They are also known as pesky defenders who use their very effective soccer heritage to their advantage. Basketball has become so big in Europe that they have started up their own league called the euro league. Its possible that the game has become so popular for the fact that it can be played by yourself. A lot of kids in Europe and even adults find themselves alone and they are able to hone their skills by themselves. Basketball is the second most popular team sport in the world but the Europeans have taken to it. They have some of the best teams and players in the world The equipment used in basketball has pretty much been the same forever. The ball is round with a leather casing. The ball is about 75cm around and weighs around 20oz. The home team is responsible for these things the clock, time-out watch, device for displaying to players and spectators how much time is left on the 30-seconds rule known as the shot clock, an official score sheet, scoreboard visible to spectators and players, markers displaying the numbers 1 to 5 for use by the scorer to indicate how many fouls a player commits, and two team-foul markers which are red and placed on the scorers table to indicate a seventh-player foul by a team. The clothing has changed over time but has also stayed the same at the same time. Players of each team should wear the same outfits which must not blend with the opposing team. Each player needs wear a numbered shirt and no players on the same team should wear the same number. Players numbers vary but are never above 50. Loose-fitting shorts for mobility, and sleeveless jerseys are the standard clothing. Basketball shoes should be rubber-soled and with protected ankle supports although these are not necessary. Back when the NBA first started the jerseys were sleeveless and the shorts were short, very short. As time passed the team names changed along with the jerseys. The shorts became longer and are now about knee length and most of the jerseys are the same except some now have sleeves. Sleeved jerseys are not the most popular in the NBA with stars like Lebron James who ripped his sleeves off mid game because they were in the way. With things how they are now i think this is how things will stay for good. The rules of the game are simple but there are some things that can complicated. Professional, college, and high school games are similar except in length. Professional games are 48 minutes long, divided into quarters, college games are 40 minutes, played in halves and high school games are 32 minutes, broken into quarte rs. If the game is tied at the end or regulation the game goes into overtime which usually lasts 3 to 5 minutes. The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the ball, contest shots, steal and deflect passes, and get rebounds. When a team makes a basket they score two points if it is behind the three point line it is worth three points and the ball goes to the other team. A free throw is worth one point free throws are awarded to a team after a certain number of fouls have been committed in a half and/or the type of foul committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two free throws being awarded the shooter but depends upon where he was when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line then the shooter gets three shots. Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a half. O nce that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is awarded a 1-and-1 opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he misses the first shot, the ball is live on the rebound. Fouls are a big and important part of the game personal fouls include things like Hitting,Pushing,Slapping,Holding, or Illegal pick/screen(unknown) this isÂÂ   when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender. If a person is fouled when shooting the ball they will be given two free throws. If they are fouled shooting a three point shot they will be given three free throws. If the team has committed more than seven foules you will be awarded a one and one at the free throw line. A one and one is where if you make the first free throw then you shoot a second free throw but if you miss the first you do not get to shoot the second one. There are als o foules like charging and blocking as will as the worst ones, technical and flagrant fouls. Violations on offence are things like travelling, carrying, double dribble, and backcourt violation. On offence there are five people on the court at a time for one team the positions are guard, forward, and center. The guards hare usually little and handle the ball. The forwards stay on the wing and shoot the are usually a little bigger and physical. Then the centers are the big boys who stay down low and get rebounds and blocks, they are some of the tallest and most talented players in the world. From 1891 to now the game has changed quite a bit but it will continue to be one of the most popular sports in the world. Works Cited The rules of basketball.Breakthroughbasketball.com.Web.2017.10 Feb.2017. Chambers, Callum.European Basketball:A Developing History.BleacherReport.com.18 June 2009.Web.10 Feb.2017. History of basketball.www.customessaymeister.com.web.2017.10 Feb.2017. Eitel, Joseph.The Basketball Hoop:A history.livestrong.com.Web.10 Feb.2017. History of Basketball Leagues.allaboutbasketball.us.2011.Web.10 Feb.2017. Hiskey, Daven.The Origin Of Basketball.todayifoundout.com.20 Jan 2012.Web.10 Feb.2017. NBA History.NBAhoopsonline.com.2017.Web.10 Feb.2017. In 1891 a simple game was created that changed the world. What basketball is. How it is played Popularity Why its played III. The history of basketball When it was invented Who invented it Why it was invented First pro team History of the BAA History of the NBA IV. Rules How long games are How big the courts are How is it played V. Equipment and Clothing The ball Shoes Uniforms Compression sleeves

Long Days Journey into Night Eugene by ONeill Essay -- Long Days Jo

In the play Long Day’s Journey Into Night by Eugene O’Neill, the Tyrone family is haunted not by what is present in flesh facing them, but by memories and constant reminders of what has been the downfall of the family for years. " No it can never be now. But it was once, before you-" (72) [James Tyrone referring to the Morphine addiction of his wife, Mary, which attributed to the undoing of the family]. Their trials and tribulations are well documented by O’Neill through the proficient utilization of theme, characterization, plot, setting, and style. Throughout the play, O’Neill’s theme is one of a disclosure into the life of a seemingly normal family on the outside yet convoluted with bitterness on the inside. It portrays the actions of a dysfunctional family and brings us on a reflective journey from when the fledgling family had started, devoted to one another with high hopes for the future, to what it is today, a family engulfed in turmoil. "Who would have thought Jamie would grow up to disgrace us†¦Its such a pity†¦You brought him up to be a boozer." (110) In this excerpt from Mary’s conversation with James regarding their son, it is obvious that their life had taken a 180-degree turn from when their offspring were mere children with promise. Characterization throughout the play helps us not only to understand the characters’ actions but also to see into the soul of each and to comprehend their thoughts and e... Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene by O'Neill Essay -- Long Day's Jo In the play Long Day’s Journey Into Night by Eugene O’Neill, the Tyrone family is haunted not by what is present in flesh facing them, but by memories and constant reminders of what has been the downfall of the family for years. " No it can never be now. But it was once, before you-" (72) [James Tyrone referring to the Morphine addiction of his wife, Mary, which attributed to the undoing of the family]. Their trials and tribulations are well documented by O’Neill through the proficient utilization of theme, characterization, plot, setting, and style. Throughout the play, O’Neill’s theme is one of a disclosure into the life of a seemingly normal family on the outside yet convoluted with bitterness on the inside. It portrays the actions of a dysfunctional family and brings us on a reflective journey from when the fledgling family had started, devoted to one another with high hopes for the future, to what it is today, a family engulfed in turmoil. "Who would have thought Jamie would grow up to disgrace us†¦Its such a pity†¦You brought him up to be a boozer." (110) In this excerpt from Mary’s conversation with James regarding their son, it is obvious that their life had taken a 180-degree turn from when their offspring were mere children with promise. Characterization throughout the play helps us not only to understand the characters’ actions but also to see into the soul of each and to comprehend their thoughts and e...

Mercado Agua de Mesa

METODOLOGIA Y MUESTRA El estudio que se llevara a cavo por medio del metodo de la encuesta, empleando la tecnica de la entrevista personal cara a cara, cumpliendo con la recopilacion de informacion necesaria, tal es el precio, la competencia y los productos que ofrece. Tomamos como universo de personas, de los 37 distritos de la Gran Lima, Brena y el Cercado de Lima con un NSE B y C Esta muestra esta conformada por 50 lugares de venta en su mayoria bodegas. PUBLICO OBJETIVO †¢ La investigacion se concentro en los distritos de Brena y Cercado de Lima. El principal objetivo fueron lugares de ventas minoristas, tales como bodegas y kioscos. †¢ El nivel socio-economico en estos distritos es de B y C. †¢ Son lugares en los que la gente implementa parte de su hogar para mostrarlo como bodega, o bien es un local especial. Las personas que trabajan en esta clase de negocios se preocupan por tener en venta productos con mas acogida, se pueden agrupar en productos de convenienci a y/o relacionados con el desayuno. Suelen encontrarse en una calle o avenidas y pueden tener mas de una competencia. Sus clientes tienen un conocimiento de su existencia y acuden a estas de acuerdo a sus necesidades. GIRO DE NEGOCIO †¢ En el caso de los productos de consumo personal, los que se compran con mayor frecuencia son los llamados productos de conveniencia, llamados asi por el minimo esfuerzo que requiere el consumidor al momento de la compra. †¢ Por ello, se eligio hacer esta auditoria en bodegas, ya que a diferencia del supermercado, suelen ser compras que se realizan en cantidades pequenas y con mayor frecuencia. Tambien se diferencia del mercado, ya que son productos de primera necesidad. En lo que respecta a los lugares de venta, como las bodegas, se considera que un producto es consumido habitualmente, por lo menos una vez al mes. Segun este criterio, los alimentos mas consumidos habitualmente por los lugares de Lima Metropolitana son los que productos de consumo personal con porcentajes significativos que son: yogurt (73%), galletas (66%), agua mineral (62%), helados (60%) y cafe (56%). Con menores porcentajes aparecen los jugos envasados (47%), bocaditos (41%), mayonesa (40%), chocolates (33%), bebidas rehidratantes (32%), caramelos (32%) y gomas de mascar (29%). CATEGORIA DEL PRODUCTO Agua Embotellada †¢ En el 2008, el mayor consumo de agua embotellada ha sido impulsado por la mejora del poder adquisitivo de la poblacion. †¢ La preferencia se registra en el alto consumo del envase personal y sin gas. Desde el 2002 crecio en un 18% por encima de la produccion de gaseosas. [pic] †¢ La produccion se concentra en pocas empresas; su mayor distribucion se origina en Lima y en la temporada de verano. †¢ El 98% de su produccion esta dirigida al mercado interno a traves de los canales de comercializacion tradicionales, las bodegas, en formatos de 600 o 625 ml. Aunque en la actualidad el incremento de formato grande 1. 5 o 2 Litros tambien esta ingresando a las bodegas, ya que su distribucion principal es supermercados. †¢ En el mercado existen 3 tipos de agua embotellada: la mineral, de manantial y de mesa. Principales embotelladoras: Ajeper, Corporacion JR Lindley, Backys y Johnson, Embotelladora Don Jorge y Ambev †¢ Su precio accesible se debe al descenso de los insumos en el mercado internacional, principalmente a causa del petroleo. †¢ La gran utilidad se invierte con fuerza en el marketing y la publicidad, donde se da enfasis a la ‘‘pureza’’, ‘‘salud’’ y ‘‘estilo de vida’’ COMPETENCIA: De acuerdo a un estudio realizado por IPSOS-APOYO durante el 2009, se ponen en manifiesto los principales competidores dentro de la categoria de aguas minerales. Estos son: Cielo, San Luis y San Mateo, siendo la de principal participacion agua Cielo manteniendo un 45% de liderazgo en el sector. â€Å"(†¦) la preferencia por una determinada marca se sustenta en la calidad del producto, la pureza, ser conocida y el precio, es por ello que Cielo se mantiene como lider, incluso en la encuesta de recordacion espontanea de marcas de agua de mesa realizada se tuvo que Cielo tiene el 85%† (Marcadeo y Opinion 2009) Lo antes mencionado confirma que es Cielo quien es el lider en el sector y se apoya en un gran sector de nivel socioeconomico C y D como lo afirma tambien APOYO. AUDITORIA Tabla 1: Recoleccion de datos |   |Marca | |Bodega/Kiosco |San Luis |Cielo |Vida |San Mateo | |1 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |- | |2 |- |1. 00 |- |- | |3 |1. 0 |1. 00 |- |- | |4 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |5 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |6 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |7 |1. 20 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- | |8 |- |1. 20 |1. 20 |- | |9 |1. 0 |1. 20 |- |- | |10 |1. 50 |1. 20 |- |- | |11 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |- | |12 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |- | |13 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |- | |14 |1. 50 |1. 20 |1. 20 |1. 50 | |15 |1. 0 |1. 20 |- |- | |16 |1. 50 |1. 50 |- |- | |17 |1. 50 |1. 50 |- |- | |18 |- |1. 20 |1. 20 |- | |19 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |- | |20 |1. 20 |1. 00 |- |- | |21 |1. 20 |1. 0 |- |- | |22 |1. 20 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |23 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |24 |1. 50 |1. 30 |- |- | |25 |1. 50 |1. 30 |- |- | |26 |1. 20 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- | |27 |- |1. 0 |1. 20 |- | |28 |1. 5 0 |1. 20 |- |- | |29 |- |1. 20 |1. 20 |1. 50 | |30 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |- | |31 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- |- | |32 |1. 20 |1. 00 |- |1. 50 | |33 |1. 20 |1. 0 |1. 20 |1. 50 | |34 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- |1. 50 | |35 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 50 | |36 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- |- | |37 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- |- | |38 |1. 20 |1. 00 |- |1. 50 | |39 |   |1. 0 |1. 00 |- | |40 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |41 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |1. 50 | |42 |1. 20 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 50 | |43 |- |1. 00 |- |1. 50 | |44 |- |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |45 |- |1. 00 |1. 0 |- | |46 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |47 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |1. 50 | |48 |- |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | |49 |1. 20 |1. 20 |- |1. 50 | |50 |1. 00 |1. 00 |1. 00 |- | Tabla 2: Precio recurrente de cada marca dentro de las bodegas/kioscos    |Marca | |Precio |San Luis |Cielo |Vida |San Mateo | |1. 00 |13 |24 |14 |- | |1. 20 |18 |20 |8 |- | |1. 30 |1 |2 |- |- | |1. 50 |8 |2 |- |12 | Tabla 3: Presencia de las marcas en bodegas/kioscos encuestados    |Marca | |Bodega/Kiosco |San Luis |Cielo |Vida |San Ma teo | |1 |P |P |- |- | |2 |- |P |- |- | |3 |P |P |- |- | |4 |P |P |P |- | |5 |P |P |P |- | |6 |P |P |P |- | |7 |P |P |P |- | |8 |- |P |P |- | |9 |P P |- |- | |10 |P |P |- |- | |11 |P |P |- |- | |12 |P |P |- |- | |13 |P |P |- |- | |14 |P |P |P |P | |15 |P |P |- |- | |16 |P |P |- |- | |17 |P |P |- |- | |18 |- |P |P |- | |19 |P |P |- |- | |20 |P |P |- |- | |21 |P |P |- |- | |22 |P |P |P |- | |23 |P |P |P |- | |24 |P |P |- |- | |25 |P |P |- |- | |26 |P |P |P |- | |27 |- |P |P |- | |28 |P |P |- |- | |29 |- |P |P |P | |30 |P |P |- |- | |31 |P |P |- |- | |32 |P |P |- |P | |33 |P |P |P |P | |34 |P |P |- |P | |35 |P |P |P |P | |36 |P |P |- |- | |37 |P |P |- |- |38 |P |P |- |P | |39 |- |P |P |- | |40 |P |P |P |- | |41 |P |P |- |P | |42 |P |P |P |P | |43 |- |P |- |P | |44 |- |P |P |- | |45 |- |P |P |- | |46 |P |P |P |- | |47 |P |P |- |P | |48 |- |P |P |- | |49 |P |P |- |P | |50 |P |P |P |- | |TOTAL |40 |50 |22 |12 | Tabla 5: Marca mas vendida en bodegas/kioscos encuestados    |Marca | |Bodeg a/Kiosco |San Luis |Cielo |Vida |San Mateo | |1 |- |1 |- |- | |2 |- |1 |- |- | |3 |1 |- |- |- | |4 |- |- |1 |- | |5 |- |- |1 |- | |6 |- |- |1 |- | |7 |- |- |1 |- | |8 |- |- |1 |- | |9 |1 |- |- |- |10 |- |1 |- |- | |11 |- |1 |- |- | |12 |- |1 |- |- | |13 |- |1 |- |- | |14 |- |- |1 |- | |15 |1 |- |- |- | |16 |1 |- |- |- | |17 |1 |- |- |- | |18 |- |1 |- |- | |19 |- |1 |- |- | |20 |- |1 |- |- | |21 |- |1 |- |- | |22 |- |- |1 |- | |23 |- |- |1 |- | |24 |- |1 |- |- | |25 |- |1 |- |- | |26 |- |- |1 |- | |27 |- |- |1 |- | |28 |- |1 |- |- | |29 |- |1 |- |- | |30 |- |1 |- |- | |31 |1 |- |- |- | |32 |- |1 |- |- | |33 |- |1 |- |- | |34 |1 |- |- |- | |35 |- |1 |- |- | |36 |- |1 |- |- | |37 |1 |- – |- | |38 |- |1 |- |- | |39 |1 |- |- |- | |40 |- |1 |- |- | |41 |- |1 |- |- | |42 |- |1 |- |- | |43 |- |1 |- |- | |44 |1 |- |- |- | |45 |- |1 |- |- | |46 |- |- |1 |- | |47 |- |1 |- |- | |48 |1 |- |- |- | |49 |- |1 |- |- | |50 |- |1 |- |- | |TOTAL |11 |28 |11 |0 | Grafica 1: [pic] Grafica 2: [pic] Grafica 3: [pic] Grafica 4: [pic] FUENTES BIBLIOGRAFICAS TIRONI ASOCIADOS (2009) Peru: Agua Cielo Mantiene Liderazgo en Sector con 45%. http://www. alimentariaonline. com/desplegar_nota. asp? did=2075 IPSOS APOYO Opinion y Mercado (2009)

Effects of and Solutions for Human Overpopulation

Effects of and Solutions for Human Overpopulation Human overpopulation is an animal rights issue as well as an environmental issue and a human rights issue. Human activities, including mining, transportation, pollution, agriculture, development, and logging, take habitat away from wild animals as well as kill animals directly. These activities also contribute to climate change, which threatens even the most remote wild habitats on this planet and our own survival. According to a survey of the faculty at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry in April of 2009, overpopulation is the worlds worst environmental problem. Dr. Charles A. Hall went so far as to say, â€Å"Overpopulation is the only problem.† Definition Overpopulation occurs when a population has exceeded its carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species that can exist in a habitat indefinitely without threatening other species in that habitat. It would be difficult to argue that humans are not threatening other species. Current Estimates and Projections According to the U.S. Census, there were six billion people in the world in 1999. On October 31, 2011, we hit seven billion. Although growth is slowing, our population continues to grow and will reach nine billion by 2048. Paul Ehrlich and Anne Ehrlich, authors of â€Å"The Population Explosion,† explain: The entire planet and virtually every nation is already vastly overpopulated. Africa is overpopulated now because, among other indications, its soils and forests are rapidly being depleted- and that implies that its carrying capacity for human beings will be lower in the future than it is now. The United States is overpopulated because it is depleting its soil and water resources and contributing mightily to the destruction of global environmental systems. Europe, Japan, the Soviet Union, and other rich nations are overpopulated because of their massive contributions to the carbon dioxide buildup in the atmosphere, among many other reasons. More than 80% of the world’s old growth forests have been destroyed, wetlands are being drained for real estate development, and demands for biofuels take much-needed arable land away from crop production. Life on earth is currently experiencing its sixth major extinction, and we are losing an estimated 30,000 species per year. The most famous major extinction was the fifth one, which occurred about 65 million years ago and wiped out the dinosaurs. The major extinction that we are now facing is the first that is caused not by an asteroid collision or other natural causes, but by a single species- humans. Effects of Conservation Consuming less may be a way for us to live within the carrying capacity of the planet, but as Paul Ehrlich and Anne Ehrlich explain, â€Å"Overpopulation is defined by the animals that occupy the turf, behaving as they naturally behave, not by a hypothetical group that might be substituted for them.† We should not use the hope or the plan to reduce our consumption as an argument that humans are not overpopulated. While reducing our consumption is important, worldwide, per capita energy consumption increased from 1990 to 2005, so the trend does not look good. Lesson from Easter Island The effects of human overpopulation have been documented in the history of Easter Island, where a human population with finite resources was nearly wiped out when their consumption increased beyond what the island could sustain. An island once lush with diverse plant and animal species and fertile volcanic soil became nearly uninhabitable 1,300 years later. The population peak on the island has been estimated between 7,000 and 20,000 people. Trees were cut down for firewood, canoes, and wooden sleds for transporting the carved stone heads for which the island is known. Because of deforestation, the islanders lacked the resources necessary to make ropes and seaworthy canoes. Fishing from shore was not as effective as fishing out on the ocean. Also, without canoes, the Islanders had nowhere to go. They wiped out sea birds, land birds, lizards, and snails. Deforestation also led to erosion, which made it difficult to grow crops. Without adequate food, the population crashed. A rich and complex society that erected now-iconic stone monuments was reduced to living in caves and resorted to cannibalism. How did they let this happen? Author Jared Diamond speculates The forest the islanders depended on for rollers and rope didnt simply disappear one day-it vanished slowly, over decades... In the meantime, any islander who tried to warn about the dangers of progressive deforestation would have been overridden by vested interests of carvers, bureaucrats, and chiefs, whose jobs depended on continued deforestation. Our Pacific Northwest loggers are only the latest in a long line of loggers to cry, Jobs over trees! Potential Solutions The situation is urgent. Lester Brown, President of Worldwatch,  stated in 1998, The question is not whether population growth will slow in the developing countries, but whether it will slow because societies quickly shift to smaller families or because ecological collapse and social disintegration caused death rates to rise. The most important thing we as individuals can do is choose to have fewer children. While cutting back on your personal consumption of resources is laudable and may reduce your environmental footprint by 5%, 25%, or maybe even 50%, having a child will double your footprint, and having two children will triple your footprint. It is virtually impossible to compensate for reproducing by consuming less yourself. Although most of the population growth over the next few decades  will take place in Asia and Africa, global overpopulation is as much a problem for â€Å"developed† countries as it is for third world countries. Americans constitute only five percent of the world’s population, but consume 26% of the world’s energy. Because we consume so much more than most people around the world, we can have the most impact when we choose to have fewer children or no children. Internationally, the United Nations Population Fund works for gender equality, access to birth control, and the education of women. According to the  UNFPA, â€Å"Some 200 million women who would like to use contraceptives lack access to them.† Women should be educated not only about family  planning but also generally. World Watch has found, â€Å"In every society where data are available, the more education women have the fewer children they bear.† Similarly, the Center for Biological  Diversity  campaigns for the empowerment of women, education of all people, universal access to birth control and a societal commitment to ensuring that all species are given a chance to live and thrive. Additionally, raising public awareness is essential. While many environmental organizations focus on small steps with which few can disagree, the topic of human overpopulation is much more controversial. Some claim that there is no problem, while others might see it as solely a third world problem. As with any other animal rights issue, raising public awareness will empower individuals to make informed choices. Potential Human Rights Violations The solution to human overpopulation cannot include human rights violations.  China’s  one-child  policy, though arguably successful in curbing population growth, has led to  human rights violations  ranging from forced sterilizations to forced abortions and infanticide. Some population control proponents advocate offering financial incentives for people not to reproduce, but this incentive would target the poorest segment of society, resulting in racially and economically disproportionate population control. These unjust results cannot be part of a viable solution to human overpopulation.

Base properties of an antimicrobial agent Essays

Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent Essays Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent Essay Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent Essay Chem. 253 Lab 1: Acid/Base Properties of an Antimicrobial Agent 09/03/13 Purpose The purpose was to determine the acid and base properties of the antimicrobial agent sodium beneath. Theory Sodium has mainly been used in food processing to avoid growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms. It is commonly used to preserve foods and beverages that have an acidic PH. Rather than benzene acid, sodium beneath is used because it is generally soluble in most aqueous solutions but benzene acid is not. Reaction Sodium beneath mixed with water, dissociates into beneath and sodium ions. Hydrogen chloride, which is a gas, will exist in unionized form when combined with water to form hydrochloric acid. Then when the two solutions are combined, HUH+ transfers electrons to beneath ions, which act as the base to form benzene acid as a solid precipitate. The overall balanced equation is as follows. Yield Calculations: Sodium Beneath: Theoretical: The theoretical yield of Benzene Acid is 1. Egg. The actual yield of Benzene Acid is 1. Egg. The percent yield of this experiment is: Methods/Procedures 1) Weigh and tare a 50 ml beaker, then place about 1. G of sodium beneath into the beaker. Record the actual mass of sodium beneath used. 2) Measure about 10 ml of distilled water with a graduated cylinder and pour it into the beaker with the sodium beneath. Use a glass-stirring rod to dissolve the sodium beneath in the water. 3) Measure about 4 ml of 3. 0 M HCI and add it slowly, with stirring, to the sodium beneath solution until the pH of the solution is 2. Use pH paper to test the solution each time by using your stirring rod to place a drop of the solution on the pH paper. Adding excess HCI to the solution will not affect yield of product. 4) To induce crystallization of product, cool the solution to 10 degrees Celsius or below. Place your 50 ml beaker in a large beaker containing cracked ice with a little water to reduce the temperature. 5) Clamp a 250 ml filtering flask to a ring stand and place the Boucher funnel on top with an appropriately sized filter paper (be sure to pre-weigh the filter paper). Moisten the filter paper in the funnel with a little distilled water, and make sure that the moist filter paper fits snugly in the bottom of the Boucher funnel with no folds or bends in the filter paper visible. Use the thick rubber tubing from your drawer to provide vacuum from the aspirator to your filter flask. Be sure you are connecting the tubing to the aspirator, not to the water or gas outlet. Turn on the water to a low volume to create a vacuum in the filter flask but not so much that you flood the sink. Transfer the crystals (quantitatively) from Step 4 to the funnel. Use about 5 ml of distilled water to rinse any solid that remains in the beaker onto the filter paper. Let the solid air-dry with the aspirator running for a few minutes. 7) Place the filter paper with solid in the oven for about 15 minutes to dry. Weigh and then dry again for 5 minutes. Weigh again. If your second weight differs from the first weight by more than 0. 5%, dry again for 10 minutes. Continue this process until successive weighing are within 0. 5%. For this lab, we must be sure to always wear our safety glasses whenever we are in the laboratory and wear gloves when we are conducting an experiment. Benzene acid and sodium beneath used in this experiment can be mild irritants to the skin. We must be careful not to get them on Observations/Results The mixture began clear but once we added the HCI the substance was white and odorless. Our precipitate was solid and white. For the numbers, sodium beneath was the limiting reagent because it had 0. 01063 moles whereas hydrochloric acid had 0. 012 moles. The theoretical yield was 1. Egg and the actual yield was 1. 51 g. With these numbers the percent yield turned out to be 96. 37%. Discussion/Conclusion Throughout the experiment I felt as though there were some errors. Also, I feel as though I may have lost amounts of the mixture and precipitate through transfers that affected our final weight. I could tell that the pH had an effect because we know that if there is a decrease in pH a pr ecipitate starts to form. Exercises 1) In a solution containing aqueous sodium beneath, a decrease in pH usually results in the formation of a precipitate. A.

Central African Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Central African Republic - Essay Example Reports from humanitarian organizations providing assistance to the multitudes of displaced and wounded natives reveal the prevalence of countless human rights violations perpetrated by the conflicting parties. Understanding the etiology of ethnic conflict in the Central African Republic entails analyzing possible factors that instigated upheaval between natives in the region (Bouchard). Ethnic violence in the region predates the recent December 2012 violent attacks beginning in one year after the current President Franà §ois Bozizà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ascent to power in 2003. Michel Djotodia, leader of the UFDR based in the Northeastern region of the country instigated the Bush War, which involved indiscriminate violent attacks against the central government and its allies. Fighting spanned three years and finally ended in April 2007 after the signing of a peace treaty between rebel forces and the central government in Birao. All involved parties agreed to honor terms stipulated in the tre aty and work towards reconciliation. These included integration of rebel fighters into the central government’s army, a legitimization of UFDR, and provision of amnesty for the rebels affiliated with the UFDR. Amendments to the treaty occurred in 2009 resulting in the formation of a unity government and the setting of precise dates for the preceding local and presidential elections. Initially, both parties honored the terms of the agreement until President Bozizà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s re-election whereby, he returned to his inhumane treatment of the civilian population living in the country’s northern region. Torture, extra-judicial killings, and brutality against women and children propagated by the central government’s army became rampant in the northern region.

Commercial Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Commercial Project Management - Essay Example Introduction of the Biometric Data Capture Facility in the renewal of driving licenses is a big move. The process need to be taken carefully and systematically in order to archive it. Because of this, there is the need to use the Gateway5 review process. From the Gateway5 review process, it is evident that the project has been successful. Review of operating phase Following an alert and committed attempt by all the employees involved the accomplishment of the project is looming completion (Cameron, Duff & Hare 2008). A few areas are yet to use the Biometric Data Capture Facility but are considered to be on time with the budget. The change has seen the Post office as one of the best performing organizations in the United Kingdom. This is because of the use of this new facility. Safety measures are taken when using the facility unlike the manual methods that were used to get the signatures, fingerprints and international civil aviation organization compliant photographs (Shoniregun & C rosier 2008). It was hectic, tiring and time consuming. This facility has eased all that. This has made the facility efficient. Despite some branches taking long to start using the facility and some employee shortage issues, the modifications have been successfully realized (LI & Jain 2009). The high level of support and devotion of all the employees involved has been broadly pointed out by those interviewed. Almost all the objectives set out in the project have now been accomplished and the project is successful even though some issues need to be adjusted in order to ensure full success of the project. A few of the issue that are yet to be handled include: Advertising the use of the new facility; so that the public does not hesitate to renew their driving license when they see the new facility being used (Gibson 2008). Ensuring all the 750 branches are using the facility; the remote areas are not excluded from the development. They too ought to upgrade their systems. Business case and benefits management The Application, Enrolment and Identification program (AEI) did not have a consolidated Business case. The service change anticipations were documented through the session and options process, whilst financial targets were made as measurement of the corporate performance and financial management command of the system (Marks 2012). However, throughout the AEI program, advancement reports to the Trust Board have been made regularly as a component of the approved governance structure. Thorough performance examination has been supported with a presentation scorecard across a number of regions that were the objectives of the programme (Marks 2012). These included, time used to renew a driving license and Flow of people; in that people just come for a few minutes and therefore no overcrowding. Extensive reports of presentation on these and other regions have been taken place. The majorities are now part of the corporate management process in the system and as such are treated very seriously. There is also a client satisfaction survey and amenable process that helps to track client’s experience (Ramakrishna 2010). The financial savings anticipated at this point have not been achieved. This has been observed with