Caring For an Aboriginal Patient with Chronic Renal Failure Essay

There's someone's first name in there ********************************************************************************************** Blood and urine studies which are taken from individuals experiencing renal failure manifest deviation in the result and show symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, impaired thought processes, lethargy and headaches. This is due to the decrease in function of the glomerulus causing their inability to filter urea and creatinine in the blood and excrete waste products from the Central Nervous and Gastrointestinal systems (Mathers and Bonner, 2008, p.1295). In the assessment, she presented with an itchy face (pruritus) as a result of dry skin, calcium phosphate deposition in the skin and sensory neuropathy (Mathers and Bonner, 2008, p. 1298). The client is also experiencing anorexia, nausea and vomiting caused by irritation of the GI tract by waste products which contribute to weight loss and malnutrition (Mathers and Bonner, 2008, p. 1297). Glenda’s feeling of lethargy and confusion may be attributed to increase nitrogenous waste products, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis and demyelination of nerve fibers (Mathers and Bonner, 2008, p. 1298). Glenda’s laboratory findings was found to have high levels of serum creatinine with 1132 umoL/L and urea level with 45 mmol/L, that is normally 60-130 ummoL/L and 3-8 mmol/L, respectively (Callaghan, 2009, Appendix). This finding may suggest a decrease in glomerular and tubular function in the kidney, when in normal conditions, serve to filter and secre... ...tp://www.kidney.org.au/Kidneydisease/FastFactsonCKD/tabid/589/Default.aspx LaCharity, L. (2013). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care. Missouri (United States). Saunders. Mathers, T. & Bonner, A., (2008). Acute Renal Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease. In Brown, D. & Edwards, H. Lewis’s Medical- Surgical Nursing Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Australia. Elsevier. Stanley, D. (2012). Health, Wellness and Illness. In A. Berman & S. Snyder (Eds). Kozier and Erb Fundamentals of Nursing. French Forest. Pearson Australia. Staunton, P. & Chiarella, M. (2013). Law Nurses and Midwives. Victoria (Australia). Elsevier. Thackrah, R., & Scott, K. (2010). Indigenous Australian Health and Cultures. Australia. Pearson. Thomson, N. (2009). The Health of Indigenous Australians. Victoria, Australia. Oxford University Press.

Eugenics Laws In Japan: How And Why It Came To Be Essay

Francis Galton’s eugenics certainly has an enormous impact on the common mindset. Eugenics literally means â€Å"coming into being well† and also referred to as the â€Å"science of being well-born†. A concept initially introduced by Plato in order to produce only superior governing classes as stated in his Republic, this idea is confronted with issues regarding ethics and human rights policies. Eugenics in the real sense is concerned only with so much of genetics as concerns man (Castle, 1930), and social control plays a significant part of its implementation. The application of the ideology of natural selection to the human populace through medicine adversely affected the human race as a whole – basically referring to its effect on the different cultures, ethnicities and mores all over the world (Barondess, 1998). Eugenicists believe that it is necessary for each man to acknowledge his place in the real physical world, in terms of biological composition and relevance to society (Glad, 2006). In pursuit therefore of producing a brighter future for the next generation, man should know how to suppress his interests in order to prioritize the other. If human progress is to be taken as precedence, principles concerning natural selection must be compromised. Two agencies can be identified as the primary determinants of human progress: the first, sociological; the other, biological (Castle, 1930). Man can be unquestionably improved sociologically or culturally, because the environment where he finds himself in is tangible and thus, manipulable. However, the biological aspect is quite complex – it involves the improvement of the germplasm itself. If the human race is as manageable like animals in a farm, the idea of eugenics would be very viable, and the only limitation onto producing outstanding offspring is the availability of the parents with the sought after genes. Although germplasm is considered tangible, it does not singly constitute the human as a whole – therefore the complexities of employing methods of enforcing eugenics. Germany was the first to become controversial in terms of the application of eugenics methods. Within a year of enactment, it was reported that the Nazi sterilization program sterilized thousands – and implemented a system of â€Å"hereditary health courts† – which act on appeals conveyed by public health officials requesting that people identified to possess a long list of disorders be subjected to obligatory sterilization; and with Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor in 1933, active euthanasia was introduced, resulting to a more grave and radicalized condition of eugenics (Barondess, 1998) . Parallel to the eugenics methods exercised in Germany, Japan was able to implement its own eugenics studies and measures, primarily aimed on controlling population growth, reduce birth defect rate, and maintain purity among the Japanese race. Programs focusing in the breeding only of the intelligent and the superior were implemented. Eugenics laws implemented in Japan however are not as extensive as the implementation by the Nazis, who were considered to have largely broadened the goals of eugenics. The National Eugenic Law of Japan was approved in 1940, which includes edicts requiring sterilization of the mentally incompetent, legalization of abortion as in cases of rape, or if the birth is assumed to be life-threatening to the mother, and if the parents are considered to be possessing â€Å"undesirable† traits (Sheingate and Yamagishi, 2006). The Japanese are known to take pride in their heritage and culture, thus justifying the drive of coming up with â€Å"pure† and â€Å"superior† offspring. Aside from these cultural motivations, statistics showed that the number of abnormal offspring produced soared to high levels, specifically in the years 1926 to 1938. It was immediately a year after when the National Eugenics Law was made official – as a response to the alarming increase of â€Å"inferior† individuals in the society. The original draft of the law was initiated a few years before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, and noticing the need to enforce laws in order to regulate population increase, the law was promulgated in 1940 and put into effect on 1941 (Hirosima, 1981). The initial draft composed by the Imperial Diet did not include rules realizing abortion and sterilization; however as the constraint on birth control strengthened, the law adapted policies targeted on population increase and therefore entwined with population increase policies becoming identified with such. Proponents of the eugenics laws remained firm in their stand for its implementation, though at first the legislative body did not recognize their efforts and endeavors. It was in 1939 where Representative Yagi Itsuro, initially a local family physician, mentioned of encountering people living in fear of producing offspring considered undesirable, and as a result felt the need to propose for laws authorizing medical doctors to perform sterilizing operations. Upon authorization of the eugenics laws during World War II, sterilization became compulsory for certain genetically transmitted diseases, mental illness or retardation; and a variety of contagious diseases (e. g. tuberculosis, venereal diseases, and leprosy) which were assumed to be heritable through Lamarckian analysis (Roth, 2005). With eugenicists in the 1990s being unfamiliar with the concept of genetic engineering, it was hard to visualize active intervention in an individual’s germ line thus preventing them to pass on deleterious and unwanted genes. Thus, eugenics in those times generally has to deal with the issues of natural selection on a larger scale and not just on the genetic level. Along with it, it is forced to deal also with issues on ethics, cultural ethos and mores. As a result, the issue endlessly was forced to answer questions regarding the necessity and importance of manipulating natural selection. One primary subject which the eugenics concept particularly affected was the legal status of abortion in Japan. Eugenics discourse even went to the extent of shaping postwar debates on the specific inquiry concerning the instances abortion to be permitted. One of the reasons that eugenic activists pursued the argument of loosening abortion parameters was due to concern regarding the reversal of natural selection: due to personal preferences, the tendency for the amount of good human genes to be reduced is high, while bad genes on the other hand are increased. Their assumption is that highly educated people from upper and middle classes, who are considered to produce superior progeny, are the ones exposed to and thus frequently use birth control methods. On the other hand, couples from lower classes cannot afford the use of birth control methods and may even have no knowledge regarding those, thus producing a high number of progeny which may be of lesser quality. In the quest of stabilizing population size, abortion was considered criminal in the 1880s, even without the background of Christian ethics and Western thought. The development of capitalism and militarism in Japan fostered the need for an increase in manpower, thus childbirth was once encouraged (Fujiki et al. , 2001). Rules and parameters regarding abortion little by little were perceived. Compared to the succeeding years, it was at that time officially prohibited, yet tacitly permitted. The idea of eugenics being also recognized as a population growth policy resulted to several debates, and contradictions especially made in the context of Shintoism. In 1948, the Eugenics Protection Law was implemented, in pursuit to control the baby boom and population expansion brought about by the post-war conditions (Fujiki et al. , 2001). Abortion was legalized and permitted given several conditions, and it alleviated the tension of prioritizing maternal health at the same time not compromising the general goal of slowing down population growth (Hirosima, 1981). This was successful in promoting decline of fertility rates in Japan after the war. Still, the absence of knowledge on genetic engineering led disputes among the proponents and the legislative body regarding the eugenics laws. This led to the birth of the Maternal Protection Law, which focused more on the removal of the eugenic idea and therefore shifting the perspective from the elimination of inferior offspring to maternal fitness (Fujiki et al. , 2001). Women’s reproductive rights are now taken into major consideration rather than the genetic make-up of the offspring. Genetic discrimination was alleviated, and as the years progressed, the need to coexist regardless of whether inflicted with genetic diseases or disabilities was realized. Eugenics laws in Japan remained steady in its goal to improve the lives of the next generation, ensuring them progress through ways that are constantly improving through the years. Germany, in Hitler’s time has gone through the limits of what is called â€Å"good science†, and imposed â€Å"racial hygiene†, with goals very much contrary to the primary goals of Japan’s eugenic methods. Constant improvement of Japan’s eugenic laws transcended the expectations of the act of disregarding a man’s right to live despite his incapabilities and abnormalities, and even went to the extent of shifting the major focus of producing superior progeny onto the act of primary consideration for the mother’s health and well-being. Political manipulation of natural selection therefore became instrumental rather than detrimental, and enforcement of the Maternal Protection Law has almost completely erased the appearance of the eugenic thought as basis for controlling population growth. The underlying concern of these laws and the proponents that exerted effort to argue for it is to win the struggle for human rights – not just for the living, but for those living after. The assurance of passing over less of one’s flaws and more of the good qualities is at one point necessary in ensuring a bright future for the next generation. At least now, manipulation of natural selection does not necessarily involve manipulation of the human as a whole, and thus eliminate the possibilities of compromising the right to live a normal life with the act of ensuring the survival of the progeny. With the advent of genetic engineering, it is now feasible to produce children in vitro, and then execute embryo screening known as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis; afterwards selecting a healthy embryo for implantation (Glad, 2006). These advanced methods provide a brighter future for both parents and offspring, taking into consideration both the biological and sociological aspects of human progress, rather than compromising one over the other.

The Reality Behind Muslim Terrorism Essay - 1387 Words

The reality behind Muslim terrorism, disguised with multicultural, diversity and equality media propaganda and its effects on Western society. An alternative reality based view. Importing Muslim Terrorism Everything which is now taking place before our eyes threatens to have explosive consequences for the whole of Europe [†¦] Europe’s response is madness - Viktor Orbà ¡n, Hungarian PM. Often referred to as an ‘invading army’, mass Muslim immigration was introduced into Europe by the same people behind a world without borders, one-world government and the recent regime changes and invasions. The aim, alongside equality and diversity, is to destabilise society and introduce a progressive government from the resulting anarchy. Before Europe awoke and a glimpse of everyday life in multicultural Europe, a pragmatic view of the devastating reality. Take away the propaganda and substitute facts; the reality behind multiculturalism propaganda. Explaining the rise of Muslim violence by the percentage figures in the societies to which they migrate - Dr Peter Hammond, Slavery, Terrorism and Islam: The Historical Roots and Contemporary Threat. 2016 European Muslim population figures: 5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe. The effects of a static 1400-year old Islamic ideology: Muslim Inbreeding: Impacts on intelligence, sanity, health and society. Muslims in the Middle East were slaughtering each other long before the West foolishly involved itself in trying to change cultures.Show MoreRelatedThe New President Of The United States1418 Words   |  6 PagesSynopsis In the article, the new president of the United States Donald Trump has made plans to temporarily ban Muslims from entering this country. 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Although Bourke fails to show connection of evolution of fear with post 9/11 social anxiety, she does wonderful job analyzing 9/11 attack and public perception of the attack appearingRead MoreBreaking Stereotypes1137 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant to understand that stereotypes are linked to reality, this can be understood from stereotypes such as Muslims are terrorists, All Jews are greedy, Women are oppressed by men , and Western countries mostly have scarce family bonding, since these stereotypes are based on history and past scenarios, we can say that these stereotypes hold ground and are true. One of the most discussed stereotype in recent times â€Å"All Muslims are terrorists† may help unveil some misconceptions aboutRead MoreAmericas War on Terror Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pageschanges to its foreign policy and its response to terrorist threat. With the swift implementation of the USA PATRIOT Act shortly after the attacks (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act), and intervention in Afghanistan, the United States had begun its War on Terror. This war was shepherded by then President George W. Bush. These actions marked the beginning of the War on Terror, and laid the groundwork for the problems experienced

How to Template Your Site in HTML and PHP

When each page of your website follows the same design theme, it is  easy to create a template for the site using HTML and PHP. The specific pages of the site hold only their content and not their design. This makes design changes easy because changes take place on all the pages of the website at once, and there is no need to individually update specific pages when the design changes. Creating a Site Template The first thing you need to do is create a file called header.php. This file holds all the page design elements that come before the content. Here is an example: My Site My Site Title My Site menu goes here........... Choice 1 | Choice 2 | Choice 3 Next, make a file called footer.php. This file contains all the site design information that goes beneath the content. Here is an example: Copyright 2008 My Site Finally, create the content pages for your site. In this file you:   Call the header file  (header.php)Put in the page-specific contentCall the footer file (footer.php) Here is an example of how to do this: Sub-Page Title Here is the specific content of this page.... Tips Remember to save all your files with the .php extension.You can have more than a header and a footer. If needed, create other files to include in the middle and call them the same way.Couple your templates with the use of a style sheet to change style within the page-exclusive content.

Elizabeth I And Later The English Monarchs Essay - 1687 Words

Elizabeth 1 To the best of my understanding Elizabeth I and later the English Monarchs with regard to religious uniformity, believed in, and were in search of a religious settlement that would bring peace for all the people. You could draw the conclusion that this very Act of Uniformity proclaimed by Elizabeth I in 1559 which was actually made up of two separate acts of Parliament, have in part created the religious freedoms we enjoy today. My thesis would be that this religious uniformity would shape a lot of things that would come to pass later on in life, as Elizabeth I ideas and beliefs would set a tone that would shape religion and the beliefs on how to worship that still go on this this current day. One of The act of Supremacy and the act of uniformity, the act of Supremacy re-established England’s independence from Rome, while the act of uniformity established a set form of worship and made church attendance on Sundays and holy days something that was obligatory. This very act woul d go on to shape some of the laws, and a lot of the thinking behind the way things are still done to this very day. Some of the laws are influence by the act of uniformity... In this time period different religious beliefs were being questioned and shaped, and the act of uniformity was designed to create order so that all the different religious groups could follow a unified religious belief. Elizabeth I ultimate goal was to create and build a stable, peaceful nation ‘’Elizabeth I was a keenShow MoreRelatedElizabeth I And Later The English Monarchs Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesTo the best of my understanding Elizabeth I and later the English Monarchs with regard to religious uniformity, believed in, and were in search of a religious settlement that would bring peace for all the people. 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She has made many accomplishments during her reign. From a compromise about what religion England would follow to defeating the Spanish Armada. Elizabeth was born September 7, 1533 in Greenwich England. She was the daughter of King Henry VII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth had a half sister from the king’s first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and also had a half brother from the king’s third wife, Jane Seymour. When Elizabeth was only two her fatherRead MoreA Royal Catfight: The Battle Between Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Mary Stuart1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe reign of Queen Elizabeth I was known as the Elizabethan Age. At this time, the Renaissance had spread to England. As a ruler, she was well educated, speaking about four different languages (Beck 963). However, it was not just her knowledge that made her into a popular monarch. Her personality helped her to become a successful politician as well. 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Components of Fitness Coursework Free Essays

The health of someone is the state of mental, physical and social well being they are in. Most people think of health as a person who has or hasn’t got a disease and illness. There are two main types of fitness that make up the way a person is, these are: physical fitness and motor fitness. We will write a custom essay sample on Components of Fitness Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Getting your fitness to its maximum and maintaining it is a very important and often difficult as it requires a lot of thought, time and effort. Athletes who over-train their bodies become weaker and are more likely to get diseases and illnesses. The components of physical fitness are reaction time, power, agility, balance, flexibility and co-ordination. The meaning of strength is â€Å"the ability to exert a force against a resistance†. An example of this is the strength needed by a weight lifter to lift a 200kg barbell. Mariusz Pudzianowski , the world’s strongest man champion of 2008, has to train himself to lifting extremely heavy things such as cars, people, etc. some body builders also take steroids to improve their performance in many sports. This is considered illegal and the sports person that does this is disqualified from the sport they have taken part in. There are 3 different types of strength. The types of strength are: * Maximum strength – the greatest force that is possible in a single maximum contraction * Elastic strength – the ability to overcome a resistance with a fast contraction * Strength endurance – the ability to express force many times over Flexibility is the ability to perform a joint action through a variety of movement. The objective of flexibility training is to improve the range of movement a person can perform. In any movement there are two groups of muscles at work: * The main muscles which cause the movement to take place * opposing the movement and determining the amount of flexibility are the opposed muscles Alina Kabaeva is one of the world’s most famous Russian athletes for being very flexible and is Russia’s most successful gymnast. She improves her skills by training with her coach and by increasing the body joints to its full performance. Endurance is a muscle’s ability to perform a maximum stamina time after time. An example of this is when somebody runs a race and is able to keep going from the start to the end. The objective of endurance is to develop stamina in a person’s body for a long period of time. Speed is the quickness of movement. This is used in all types of sports in tackling and running. Speed is one of the main components of fitness. Sprinting is also included in speed. Sprinting is when a person uses all the energy they have left in them to increase their speed drastically. This is usually used at the end of a race after staying at a steady pace to save energy. Usain Bolt, the world’s fastest man since the Olympics 2008 has been able to train himself to run at extreme speeds through various types of training, a healthy lifestyle and body composition In fitness, body composition describes the percentages of fat, bone and muscle in a person’s body. Because muscle tissue takes up less space in our body than fat, both our body composition and our weight, determines the body composition. For example, if an obese person was to race an athlete that was in a healthy state, the person with more weight would lose because there is too much fat compared to his or her bone and muscle. Co-ordination is the ability to carry out a group of movements smoothly and efficiently. All sports need the coordination of eyes, hands and feet. Racket sports like tennis involve all coordination’s of hands, eyes and feet. There are a few drills which can improve your hand-eye co-ordination like catching tennis balls in none hand for a minute and then changing hands. You can practice them on your own or with someone else but keep concentrating and you’ll notice the difference. Tim Henman, Great Britain’s number one tennis player has to do drills like this daily to improve his hand-eye co-ordination. Balance is the ability to control the body’s position, either stationary or while moving. If this is done correctly, a person will be able to complete a series of moves without falling. Balance is usually used in sports like gymnastics or athletics. Sally Gunnell is an athlete that improves her balance by improving her motor skills. Another way to improve your balance is by improving posture. If this is done well, There could be a great improvement in balance. Agility is the ability to perform a series of explosive power movements in rapid succession in opposing directions. In various fields of sports competition, the body is constantly asked to perform movements from unfamiliar joint angles. If these are done correctly, the body is able to respond quickly to different angles that are needed in sporting events. An example for a sport that involves agility is athletics or on a trampoline. You can improve your agility by practicing the movements in training. An athlete that needs this for their profession is Dame Kelly Holmes Power is the ability to do strength performances quickly using almost all of your energy and normally with heavy things. The main parts of the body used in the process are the arm muscles as well as the legs to help the person balance themselves. Power is mainly used in sports involving lifting things that are heavy such as the hammer throw in the Olympics. An athlete that has done this in the Olympics is Alex Smith. The final component for skill related fitness is reaction time. This is the time taken to respond to a stimulus. An example would be reacting to the starting pistol at the start of a 100m race. It important in many sports and activities and depends on the nervous system mostly. This can be improved through practice or training. Different people have different reaction times because of the nervous system. A person with good reaction time is Usain Bolt. Alcohol, smoking and drugs all affect a sports performer’s lifestyle in negative ways. George Best died of liver failure because of his drinking problems and this ruined his life before as well. It earlier stopped him from playing football before he had a transplant. Some people use steroid pills, gels, creams, or injections because they think steroids can improve their sports performance or the way they look. Nathan Allen was banned from the Olympic gamed this year because of the steroid pills she took to enhance her performance. She has been banned for two years. This type of drug abuse can get a person banned from any sport there if it is found out. There have been many top athletes who smoke. Zinedine Zidane, a famous French football player caused a small gossip when he was photographed before an important 2006 World Cup game smoking a cigarette. Smoking can wreck your lungs and reduce oxygen available for muscles used during sports. They also run slower and can’t run as far, affecting overall athletic performance. This affects people’s performance in a negative way as it could possibly end their career. Despite all the tobacco use on TV and in different types of media, no athlete does smoke as it could change their lives completely by making them lose all fame and fortune! Many athletes sleep poorly during the night before a major competition or after crossing several time zones to compete, but most athletes aren’t sure exactly how this loss of sleep will affect their performances. One problem in figuring out how no sleep influences exercise ability and scientists or doctors don’t completely understand sleep itself. Too much sleep is not good for you but neither is no sleep is worse. If a performer doesn’t sleep, his performance in a game will be poor and can be removed from the team. How to cite Components of Fitness Coursework, Papers

Essential Properties of Every Material free essay sample

The compound element deals with combining more than en element. The second Is the way those atoms are arranged. A good example of this is by comparing atoms of liquid and atoms of solids. For instance the atoms of liquids move around freer than atoms of solids which are packed together. The third is the way the atoms are bonded together. There are for key properties to understand when studying a material. The strength of the material, which is its ability to withstand forces being applied to It without breaking, Is the first.The second Is the materials elasticity, which Is Its ability to flex while returning to Its original form. The third Is the materials plasticity, which is Its ability to change Its shape permanently. The forth is the materials ductility, which is the materials ability to be deformed. How Silicon-Based Semiconductors Revolutionized Computing Thanks to the introduction of semiconductors, computers have become over a billion times faster than one of the first built in 1946 (MANIAC). We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Properties of Every Material or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I found this research to be very fascinating at how far we have come In this Industry of technology. This technology advancement has allowed us to create more powerful computing devices cheaper ND more efficient than ever before. Semiconductors are elements which are intermediate between a conductor and an insulator. According to research done at Georgia Tech Microelectronics Research Center, the law of physics threatens to halt to continued miniaturization of silicon-based semiconductors for the future.We have a span of about twenty more years of our ability to keep making them smaller before It becomes virtually Impossible to create a smaller and faster semiconductor. (Ton, 2001, Para. 1) What Are Microchips and How Are They Related to Integrated Circuits? Microchips are virtually the exact same thing as integrated circuits as far as I could define in my research on this subject. A microchip is made up of a set of interconnected electronic components that are etched or imprinted on a small chip of a semiconductor material like silicon.They are constructed In layers made up of Photomicrography is a process which uses light, sags and chemicals to achieve its outcome. Artificial Intelligence and The Difference Between Human Brains and The Central Processing Unit of a Computer The best way that I can define artificial intelligence is that it is an area of computer science that focuses on creating machines that can engage in intellectual human behaviors. Research has been conducted for some time on creating machines that would have the capability of mimicking human thought and recreating speech.After decades of study and research, artificial intelligence is on the fast track to reality. (Simon, 1997, Para. 1) What I believe to be the major difference between the human brain and that of the central processing unit of a computer is our awareness of mortality in all our decisions ultimately. Our cognitive decision making is what operates us from a computers programmed way of thinking. I found a lot intriguing comparisons between the brain and the CPU that leaves me wondering what the future might hold for us with artificial intelligence. Both the human brain and the CPU share and receive information in a similar way yet completely different. The human brain functions in the nerves system where it processes sensory inputs to allow our motor skills to be coordinated. The CPU processes systematic instructions and calculations through the flow of the information that is in its system. The human rain contains the cerebral cortex which controls everything from our behaviors and emotions, to balance and coordination.