How to Template Your Site in HTML and PHP

When each page of your website follows the same design theme, it is  easy to create a template for the site using HTML and PHP. The specific pages of the site hold only their content and not their design. This makes design changes easy because changes take place on all the pages of the website at once, and there is no need to individually update specific pages when the design changes. Creating a Site Template The first thing you need to do is create a file called header.php. This file holds all the page design elements that come before the content. Here is an example: My Site My Site Title My Site menu goes here........... Choice 1 | Choice 2 | Choice 3 Next, make a file called footer.php. This file contains all the site design information that goes beneath the content. Here is an example: Copyright 2008 My Site Finally, create the content pages for your site. In this file you:   Call the header file  (header.php)Put in the page-specific contentCall the footer file (footer.php) Here is an example of how to do this: Sub-Page Title Here is the specific content of this page.... Tips Remember to save all your files with the .php extension.You can have more than a header and a footer. If needed, create other files to include in the middle and call them the same way.Couple your templates with the use of a style sheet to change style within the page-exclusive content.

Elizabeth I And Later The English Monarchs Essay - 1687 Words

Elizabeth 1 To the best of my understanding Elizabeth I and later the English Monarchs with regard to religious uniformity, believed in, and were in search of a religious settlement that would bring peace for all the people. You could draw the conclusion that this very Act of Uniformity proclaimed by Elizabeth I in 1559 which was actually made up of two separate acts of Parliament, have in part created the religious freedoms we enjoy today. My thesis would be that this religious uniformity would shape a lot of things that would come to pass later on in life, as Elizabeth I ideas and beliefs would set a tone that would shape religion and the beliefs on how to worship that still go on this this current day. One of The act of Supremacy and the act of uniformity, the act of Supremacy re-established England’s independence from Rome, while the act of uniformity established a set form of worship and made church attendance on Sundays and holy days something that was obligatory. This very act woul d go on to shape some of the laws, and a lot of the thinking behind the way things are still done to this very day. Some of the laws are influence by the act of uniformity... In this time period different religious beliefs were being questioned and shaped, and the act of uniformity was designed to create order so that all the different religious groups could follow a unified religious belief. Elizabeth I ultimate goal was to create and build a stable, peaceful nation ‘’Elizabeth I was a keenShow MoreRelatedElizabeth I And Later The English Monarchs Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesTo the best of my understanding Elizabeth I and later the English Monarchs with regard to religious uniformity, believed in, and were in search of a religious settlement that would bring peace for all the people. You could draw the conclusion that this very Act of Uniformity proclaimed by Elizabeth I in 1559 which was actually made up of two separate acts of Parliament, have in part created the religious freedoms we enjoy today. My thesis would be that this religious uniformity would shape a lotRead MoreElizabeth : The Forgotten Years Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesOften considered by historians as one of England’s greatest monarchs, Elizabeth Tudor’s life and prosperous reign have inspired numerous historical works including books, biographies, and visual media representations. Elizabeth: The Forgotten Years, written by John Guy, is an exquis itely detailed biography of the Tudor queen, which encapsulates her not only as an authoritative figure but also as an independent woman. Guy focuses on the trialling years of Elizabeth’s rise to prominence, as she facesRead MoreA Brief Look at Queen Elizabeth I1189 Words   |  5 Pagesrest. That queen was Elizabeth the 1st. She has made many accomplishments during her reign. From a compromise about what religion England would follow to defeating the Spanish Armada. Elizabeth was born September 7, 1533 in Greenwich England. She was the daughter of King Henry VII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth had a half sister from the king’s first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and also had a half brother from the king’s third wife, Jane Seymour. When Elizabeth was only two her fatherRead MoreA Royal Catfight: The Battle Between Queen Elizabeth I and Queen Mary Stuart1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe reign of Queen Elizabeth I was known as the Elizabethan Age. At this time, the Renaissance had spread to England. As a ruler, she was well educated, speaking about four different languages (Beck 963). However, it was not just her knowledge that made her into a popular monarch. Her personality helped her to become a successful politician as well. In a documentary about Queen Elizabeth I, it was stated, â€Å"She was vain, spiteful, arrogant. She was frequently unjust, and she was often maddeninglyRead MoreBritish Colonization Of The Americas869 Words   |  4 Pageshalf-century reign of Elizabeth 1 began, England’s interest to the other side of the Atlantic grew. Elizabeth maneuvered through the difficulties of being a female monarch by refusing to marry, having no kids, and maintaining a reputation for chastity. However, for the next paragraph, I will initiate on how the British slowly colonized the Americas and how the representation of some of the women was very important back in this century. First of all, the British which was run by Elizabeth 1 in the 1500sRead MoreEnglish and European History: The Tower of London Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesLondon The age old fortress stands as a monument of English and European history. Through monarchs, bloody battles, from prisoners to executions and a touch from all London’s prominent events in history, the Tower Of London is renowned for more than just its magnificent appearance. The tower was founded by William, Duke of Normandy when he conquered England in 1066. He began building the stronghold as a declaration of his power to the English people who were resentful of his reign. William invadedRead More Queen Elizabeth Essay examples1227 Words   |  5 Pages Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth, the first, proved to be a very good and loyal monarch to England. She brought about many changes, both good and bad. On September 7, 1533 a baby girl came into the world. Back then many parents would have been greatly disappointed to have had a baby girl, rather then a boy. However these parents were glad by the birth of their first child together. These proud parents were the king and queen of England, King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The girl child was namedRead MoreElizabeth The First Was The Queen Of England And Ireland1692 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth the First was the Queen of England and Ireland from 1553 to 1603. She was the final and fifth monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Elizabeth had many talents, which enabled her to be a capable, strong leader. For many reasons Elizabeth was one of the most notable personalities of Tudor, one being that she kept stability in a nation that was troubled with political and religious rebellion. Against the pressures of parliament she maintained authority of the crown. She was able to transform England’sRead MoreElizabeth Woodville And Anne Boleyn1747 Words   |  7 Pagesthemselves contributing to the formation of postmodern constructs of marriage for love, partnership, and fidelity. Foremost among these, temporally and popularly, are the examples of Elizabeth Woodville and Anne Boleyn. Undoubtedly, these cases hold great significance to cultural studies of the temporal periods in which the English identify as participants, but they also aid in seeing the eventual popular degradation of women from chaste matrons and aloof maidens to lusty bawds and traitorous whores. ByRead More Overview of the Monarchs of the Tudor Dynasty Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pages The many King and Queens of England are divided into different eras by families. One of the families was the Tudor family, which is a well-known English monarchy. The Tudors were a family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603 whom ranged from Henry VII to Elizabeth I these rulers were well known because of different attributes they gave England. I will be providing information about all six rulers that reigned England in this distinctive dynasty. Each King or Queen will have information about

Components of Fitness Coursework Free Essays

The health of someone is the state of mental, physical and social well being they are in. Most people think of health as a person who has or hasn’t got a disease and illness. There are two main types of fitness that make up the way a person is, these are: physical fitness and motor fitness. We will write a custom essay sample on Components of Fitness Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Getting your fitness to its maximum and maintaining it is a very important and often difficult as it requires a lot of thought, time and effort. Athletes who over-train their bodies become weaker and are more likely to get diseases and illnesses. The components of physical fitness are reaction time, power, agility, balance, flexibility and co-ordination. The meaning of strength is â€Å"the ability to exert a force against a resistance†. An example of this is the strength needed by a weight lifter to lift a 200kg barbell. Mariusz Pudzianowski , the world’s strongest man champion of 2008, has to train himself to lifting extremely heavy things such as cars, people, etc. some body builders also take steroids to improve their performance in many sports. This is considered illegal and the sports person that does this is disqualified from the sport they have taken part in. There are 3 different types of strength. The types of strength are: * Maximum strength – the greatest force that is possible in a single maximum contraction * Elastic strength – the ability to overcome a resistance with a fast contraction * Strength endurance – the ability to express force many times over Flexibility is the ability to perform a joint action through a variety of movement. The objective of flexibility training is to improve the range of movement a person can perform. In any movement there are two groups of muscles at work: * The main muscles which cause the movement to take place * opposing the movement and determining the amount of flexibility are the opposed muscles Alina Kabaeva is one of the world’s most famous Russian athletes for being very flexible and is Russia’s most successful gymnast. She improves her skills by training with her coach and by increasing the body joints to its full performance. Endurance is a muscle’s ability to perform a maximum stamina time after time. An example of this is when somebody runs a race and is able to keep going from the start to the end. The objective of endurance is to develop stamina in a person’s body for a long period of time. Speed is the quickness of movement. This is used in all types of sports in tackling and running. Speed is one of the main components of fitness. Sprinting is also included in speed. Sprinting is when a person uses all the energy they have left in them to increase their speed drastically. This is usually used at the end of a race after staying at a steady pace to save energy. Usain Bolt, the world’s fastest man since the Olympics 2008 has been able to train himself to run at extreme speeds through various types of training, a healthy lifestyle and body composition In fitness, body composition describes the percentages of fat, bone and muscle in a person’s body. Because muscle tissue takes up less space in our body than fat, both our body composition and our weight, determines the body composition. For example, if an obese person was to race an athlete that was in a healthy state, the person with more weight would lose because there is too much fat compared to his or her bone and muscle. Co-ordination is the ability to carry out a group of movements smoothly and efficiently. All sports need the coordination of eyes, hands and feet. Racket sports like tennis involve all coordination’s of hands, eyes and feet. There are a few drills which can improve your hand-eye co-ordination like catching tennis balls in none hand for a minute and then changing hands. You can practice them on your own or with someone else but keep concentrating and you’ll notice the difference. Tim Henman, Great Britain’s number one tennis player has to do drills like this daily to improve his hand-eye co-ordination. Balance is the ability to control the body’s position, either stationary or while moving. If this is done correctly, a person will be able to complete a series of moves without falling. Balance is usually used in sports like gymnastics or athletics. Sally Gunnell is an athlete that improves her balance by improving her motor skills. Another way to improve your balance is by improving posture. If this is done well, There could be a great improvement in balance. Agility is the ability to perform a series of explosive power movements in rapid succession in opposing directions. In various fields of sports competition, the body is constantly asked to perform movements from unfamiliar joint angles. If these are done correctly, the body is able to respond quickly to different angles that are needed in sporting events. An example for a sport that involves agility is athletics or on a trampoline. You can improve your agility by practicing the movements in training. An athlete that needs this for their profession is Dame Kelly Holmes Power is the ability to do strength performances quickly using almost all of your energy and normally with heavy things. The main parts of the body used in the process are the arm muscles as well as the legs to help the person balance themselves. Power is mainly used in sports involving lifting things that are heavy such as the hammer throw in the Olympics. An athlete that has done this in the Olympics is Alex Smith. The final component for skill related fitness is reaction time. This is the time taken to respond to a stimulus. An example would be reacting to the starting pistol at the start of a 100m race. It important in many sports and activities and depends on the nervous system mostly. This can be improved through practice or training. Different people have different reaction times because of the nervous system. A person with good reaction time is Usain Bolt. Alcohol, smoking and drugs all affect a sports performer’s lifestyle in negative ways. George Best died of liver failure because of his drinking problems and this ruined his life before as well. It earlier stopped him from playing football before he had a transplant. Some people use steroid pills, gels, creams, or injections because they think steroids can improve their sports performance or the way they look. Nathan Allen was banned from the Olympic gamed this year because of the steroid pills she took to enhance her performance. She has been banned for two years. This type of drug abuse can get a person banned from any sport there if it is found out. There have been many top athletes who smoke. Zinedine Zidane, a famous French football player caused a small gossip when he was photographed before an important 2006 World Cup game smoking a cigarette. Smoking can wreck your lungs and reduce oxygen available for muscles used during sports. They also run slower and can’t run as far, affecting overall athletic performance. This affects people’s performance in a negative way as it could possibly end their career. Despite all the tobacco use on TV and in different types of media, no athlete does smoke as it could change their lives completely by making them lose all fame and fortune! Many athletes sleep poorly during the night before a major competition or after crossing several time zones to compete, but most athletes aren’t sure exactly how this loss of sleep will affect their performances. One problem in figuring out how no sleep influences exercise ability and scientists or doctors don’t completely understand sleep itself. Too much sleep is not good for you but neither is no sleep is worse. If a performer doesn’t sleep, his performance in a game will be poor and can be removed from the team. How to cite Components of Fitness Coursework, Papers

Essential Properties of Every Material free essay sample

The compound element deals with combining more than en element. The second Is the way those atoms are arranged. A good example of this is by comparing atoms of liquid and atoms of solids. For instance the atoms of liquids move around freer than atoms of solids which are packed together. The third is the way the atoms are bonded together. There are for key properties to understand when studying a material. The strength of the material, which is its ability to withstand forces being applied to It without breaking, Is the first.The second Is the materials elasticity, which Is Its ability to flex while returning to Its original form. The third Is the materials plasticity, which is Its ability to change Its shape permanently. The forth is the materials ductility, which is the materials ability to be deformed. How Silicon-Based Semiconductors Revolutionized Computing Thanks to the introduction of semiconductors, computers have become over a billion times faster than one of the first built in 1946 (MANIAC). We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Properties of Every Material or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I found this research to be very fascinating at how far we have come In this Industry of technology. This technology advancement has allowed us to create more powerful computing devices cheaper ND more efficient than ever before. Semiconductors are elements which are intermediate between a conductor and an insulator. According to research done at Georgia Tech Microelectronics Research Center, the law of physics threatens to halt to continued miniaturization of silicon-based semiconductors for the future.We have a span of about twenty more years of our ability to keep making them smaller before It becomes virtually Impossible to create a smaller and faster semiconductor. (Ton, 2001, Para. 1) What Are Microchips and How Are They Related to Integrated Circuits? Microchips are virtually the exact same thing as integrated circuits as far as I could define in my research on this subject. A microchip is made up of a set of interconnected electronic components that are etched or imprinted on a small chip of a semiconductor material like silicon.They are constructed In layers made up of Photomicrography is a process which uses light, sags and chemicals to achieve its outcome. Artificial Intelligence and The Difference Between Human Brains and The Central Processing Unit of a Computer The best way that I can define artificial intelligence is that it is an area of computer science that focuses on creating machines that can engage in intellectual human behaviors. Research has been conducted for some time on creating machines that would have the capability of mimicking human thought and recreating speech.After decades of study and research, artificial intelligence is on the fast track to reality. (Simon, 1997, Para. 1) What I believe to be the major difference between the human brain and that of the central processing unit of a computer is our awareness of mortality in all our decisions ultimately. Our cognitive decision making is what operates us from a computers programmed way of thinking. I found a lot intriguing comparisons between the brain and the CPU that leaves me wondering what the future might hold for us with artificial intelligence. Both the human brain and the CPU share and receive information in a similar way yet completely different. The human brain functions in the nerves system where it processes sensory inputs to allow our motor skills to be coordinated. The CPU processes systematic instructions and calculations through the flow of the information that is in its system. The human rain contains the cerebral cortex which controls everything from our behaviors and emotions, to balance and coordination.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Essay Example For Students

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Essay The Merchant of Venice was first written sometime between 1594 and 1597 by William Shakespeare. It was produced in London and was seen by many people including King James I, who demanded to see it again, proving the play to be very successful for Shakespeare. Although a lot of controversy was made because of the character Shylock, who was Jewish. During the Middle Ages, all Jews were expelled from England and werent allowed to return until nearly 300 years later. When they were permitted to live in England again, they were forced to wear red hats so they were easily identified. If they ignored this rule they would be sentenced to death. We will write a custom essay on The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They were forced to live in ghettos guarded by Christians and were expected to pay them for providing safety. Since then Jews have been mistreated even more. The prime example is during World War II, where 6 million Jews were killed in the concentration camps in Germany. After various other persecutions of Jews in Israel and Northern Africa, it has made it rather difficult to ever stage The Merchant of Venice again as it would receive a lot of criticism and be interpreted as anti-Semitism because of the mistreatment of the character Shylock. The theatre has changed a lot since the 16th century. Everyone is allowed a seat today no matter what there religion, society status or race. In the 16th century it was completely the opposite. Upper class people were provided with the best seats, usually high up in the theatre in the balconies where you had the best view of the play, and were treated like royalty having gourmet snacks and drinks prepared for them. The lower people in society would have to stand in the pit if they wanted to watch a performance. The rich people would throw their rubbish down onto the poor and it was very rarely cleaned after each performance, which meant the smell was worse each time you went. Because of the standing audience, the stage was slanted slightly so they could see everything that was going on in the play. Today we are all treated the same and are all given a suitable seat within the theatre. We are all allowed to buy the snacks and sweets on offer and enjoy the play within a nice environment. The stage for Act 4 Scene 1 is very important as it is set within a courtroom and needs to fully portray the tension, anger and depression this situation has produced between Shylock and Antonio. With Shylock putting his friendships on the line and Antonio his body, the matter becomes very serious. Therefore the stage needs to exemplify this intentness with certain colours, props and lighting. I have chosen to lay down on the stage during the scene a red carpet and the background will be an orangey brown colour with various props such as plants and statues scattered around behind the characters. The red carpet will create a sense of tension and anger between Shylock and Antonio and the props will restore normality into the courtroom. Also during the part of the play where Portia tells Shylock he isnt allowed to shed a drop of blood from Antonio, the red carpet will act as an opposite to this situation. The arrangement of characters will be important as some characters cant be next to or near each other. For example, it is not wise to put Bassanio and Gratiano next to Shylock, because they are against each other in this case. Also, the audience needs to be able to see the main characters well, so extra people need to stand behind. I would place the Duke and his officials on the audiences left and Antonio at the back, then the extras to the right and Bassanio and Gratiano in front. Shylock would stand between the Duke and Antonio, but would move around the stage when speaking. Nerissa will stand along side Gratiano after giving the letter and Portia will stand with the Duke. The Duke and his officials will be sat at tables and Antonio will be placed on a big wooden armchair. Everybody will be in clear view of the audience and will be heard well as the actors will project their voices when speaking. There will be lights shining down on the main characters when they are giving important speeches and music playing when tension is building. For example, when Shylock is about to cut the bosom of Antonio, the lights will dim and the music will increase in volume and pace until Portia shouts Tarry a little to end the dramatic tension. The entrances of each character are very meaningful in this scene and each have a reason behind them. Antonio is extremely nervous about the trial and has to be dragged by two officials into the court room, as he has lost his pride and cannot see his future after the trial. Bassanio and Gratiano enter with Antonio, worried for him and are there to comfort him the best they can, but fail to boost his confidence. Bassanio starts to fell a sense of guilt because of what he has started, but hides his feelings and prepares himself to do the best he can to persuade Shylock to stop this trial. Shylock enters full of stubbornness and maliciousness and by these actions you can see that he has no intentions of backing down and forgetting about the whole thing. He immediately gets out a knife and starts to sharpen it on the bottom of his leather boot. .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .postImageUrl , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:hover , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:visited , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:active { border:0!important; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:active , .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14 .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue291268702fff090047cc8d257851e14:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter EssayAntonio is placed on the big wooden armchair and gazes at Shylock as if he was in a trance. Bassanio and Gratiano stand opposite Shylock doing the same, but with more emotion. Shylock ignores them and continues to sharpen his knife. Nerissas entrance has to be authentic and persuasive for Portias plan to work. The Duke has to accept Bellarios letter without spotting anything wrong with Nerissas appearance and personality. Also her disguise must be good enough to fool Gratiano therefore she must keep her composure and swiftly make her way towards the Duke. When delivering her lines she must also sustain a worthy male tone. Portia will have to do the same, but with more control and for longer. Her entrance will be a conclusion of the letter as it describes her well and defines the illusion that she is male. This will be very important in the outcome of the trial, as Portia is the one with control over Shylock because of the loophole in the bond. As Nerissa enters she will glance at Gratiano then Antonio for a brief second as she is making her way towards the Duke. This will remind the audience of the relationship between Nerissa and Gratiano. After handing over the letter, Nerissa will make her way over to Gratiano and stand beside him for the rest of the scene. Portia will make no eye movement towards Bassanio when entering as she is trying to make herself as professional as possible. The Duke will greet her and then she will begin to ask questions to Shylock and Antonio, thus beginning the breakdown of Shylock. The first lines of Act 4 Scene 1 are very important as we see the Duke showing sympathy towards Antonio. He explains the horror that Shylock has created and that he cannot do anything about it except persuade Shylock to forgive and forget. Antonio understands that there is little that can be done and that it is very unlikely that Shylock will back down as he is a very merciless man. We see these emotions in lines 3-6 where the Duke says I am sorry for thee. Thou art come to answer a stony adversary. This perhaps creates a bond, a friendship, a trust between the two men as Antonio is relying on the Duke to somehow rescue him from the clutches of Shylocks twisted and evil mind. We see Antonio saying He stands obdurate and that no lawful means can carry me out of his envys reach, but inside he is hoping that he can be freed and forgiven by Shylock. All of this is happening before Shylock enters so Antonio can show his feelings towards the Duke without revealing any weaknesses that Shylock could pick up on and tease about. Shylocks character throughout the scene changes a lot. We see many different emotions from him and there are times where he really makes us feel angry and shocked. Other times he makes us, in a way, feel sympathy towards him when he spirals out of control and cannot save himself. Shylock enters the scene very cocky and arrogant as if he has already committed the deed on Antonio and quickly starts to make his arrival well known. He gets out his knife and sharpens it with the bottom of his leather boot as a taunt towards Antonio. His attitude towards the Duke is calm and collected because of his power, but his attitudes towards Bassanio and Gratiano are as if they should just stop trying to help Antonio. Shylock has no intention at all of relinquishing the bond and forgiving Antonio, therefore he rejects Bassanios offer of six thousand ducats to let Antonio free and continues to wait until he can take the pound of flesh. This creates the sense that Shylock is a blood thirsty man and will not leave without claiming the prize he has earned. Antonio has no other choice but to take the verbal attacks from Shylock and sit back and watch him walk around full of joy and happiness. Shylock wants to make Antonio feel worthless and treats him like a lower lifeform just like Antonio used to do to Shylock. Shylocks thunder is stolen when Nerissa enters with the letter. He is startled that someone is interrupting him and doesnt know whats going on. He becomes wary but doesnt show this as he is trying not to reveal any weak signs to Antonio, Bassanio or Gratiano. If he did then they could crack his shell and get inside his mind and unveil the truths which Shylock beholds. While Nerissa is handing over the letter, Shylock will be pacing up and down infuriated and anxious to get the trial over and done with. We begin to see another side of Shylock during the presence of Portia. After listening to the Duke read the letter out Shylock watches the entrance of Portia with nervousness but doesnt show these emotions. Portia dressed as Doctor Balthazar, enters with the knowledge of there being a loop hole within the bond. She identifies who is who, even though she already knows, and then begins to infiltrate her well created plan. As she slowly introduces this well found trap in the bond, Shylock loses all hope of winning this trial and begins to disintegrate and collapse into the powerless human being he used to be and believes he has failed himself and his religion. .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .postImageUrl , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:hover , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:visited , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:active { border:0!important; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:active , .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1 .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufef915fad4c152668cb4be509fbb6fa1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What is the Dramatic Significance of Act 1 Scene 5 of  Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet'? EssayWhen she finally reveals the final blow, Shylock knows there is no way of battling back and accepts defeat. He will fall to his knees and then hang his head in shame. As part of the agreement Shylock is made to convert to Christianity and when he dies pass on all his possessions to Jessica and Lorenzo. This may seem a hard contest to tackle, but I believe that for Shylock it is a chance to begin a new life and change his outlook towards society. He may have lost his right to go into any Synagogue, but there is nothing stopping him believing what he wants to believe. Portia is known to show mercy and no mercy during this scene and it is mainly aimed towards Shylock. During her arrival into the courtroom she gathers some basic information about Shylock and Antonio then begins to evaluate the merciless character of Shylock. Shylock becomes confident around Portia when she speeds up the procedure and states that the bond says that Shylock is able to take a pound of flesh from Antonio. Portia knows that Shylock has fallen into a trap and is going to be shocked when he discovers the loop hole that the bond has within it. At this time Portia will be standing a long side the Duke keeping her composure and waiting for the right moment to activate her plan. During her first speech she mentions mercy quite a lot. I think that she is doing this to drill it into Shylocks mind that he should think deeply about what he is doing and if it is a good or bad thing to do. She believes that Shylock is disobeying the, not official, but should be taken account of, rules of his religion and this may make him go to hell after his death. Shylock may have thought about this, but believes that he is doing nothing wrong as this is part of a signed agreement and Antonio has gotten himself into this situation. As Portia begins to release her merciless attack on Shylock, she overpowers him with the loop hole within the bond. She says it as if Shylock should of accepted defeat early on and now must suffer the consequences for being a greedy old man. As Shylock is preparing to finish the trial and take the pound of flesh, Portia will shout Tarry a little, there is something else. Shylock will turn around and face Portia with confusion. As she goes onto explain that Shylock must not shed a drop of blood, Shylock will begin to collapse. Portia is happy that Shylock is feeling like this and continues unmercifully to reveal more unseen problems that this agreement has produced. She watches Shylock fall apart and inside feels she has succeeded, but doesnt show this as it would give away her identity. As Shylock exits Portia will step down from the table and walk into the middle of the stage where she will be greeted by Bassanio and Gratiano. As Shylock leaves the courtroom on his own he will be feeling a variety of feelings. He will feel like a failure, an idiot and a Christian. He gets up from his knees and boldly states I am not well. Send the deeds after me and I will sign it. As he slowly makes his way out of the court, he will make brief eye contact with Antonio and see a happy and relieved man. Shylock doesnt understand why he has been interpreted as the villain in this situation. After years of being mistreated by Antonio and other Christians, he feels that he has a good right to his actions and now he is being punished for it. Outside of the court Shylock will look down and see Christian hands waving in front of him. At this point Shylock will not be able to contain his emotions and break down into tears on the streets of Venice. To conclude Act 4 Scene 1, we know that Shylock lost the trial and Antonio won. Shylock had entered with the intention of claiming a pound of flesh, but didnt succeed. Antonio must feel relieved for getting out of this with his bosom and feel great happiness towards Doctor Balthazar (Portia). The intended outcome for Shylock didnt happen and he had no idea about there being a possible loop hole in the bond. Therefore he has suffered the consequences and learned that he shouldnt be so evil just to get his own back on Antonio. We know that Shylock has been mistreated by Antonio and he wants to get revenge but he should stay calm and ignore it. He should have obeyed his religion and now he has been forced to leave it. Overall, Portia has succeeded the most as she has successfully completed her plan. She has kept her disguise well and cracked the mind of Shylock. Now Shylock is left as a Christian unable to enter any Synagogue ever again, just because of his revengeful plan towards Antonio.

Pigment Definition and Chemistry

Pigment Definition and Chemistry A pigment is a substance that appears a certain color because it selectively absorbs wavelength of light. While many materials possess this property, pigments with practical applications are stable at normal temperatures and have a high tinting strength so only a small amount is needed to see the color when its used on objects or mixed with a carrier. Both pigments and dyes absorb light to appear a certain color. In contrast, luminescence is a process by which a material emits light. examples of luminescence include phosphorescence, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and bioluminescence. Pigments that either fade or else blacken over time or with extended exposure to light are called fugitive pigments. The earliest pigments came from natural sources, such as charcoal and ground minerals. Paleolithic and Neolithic cave paintings indicate carbon black, red ochre (iron oxide, Fe2O3), and yellow ochre (hydrated iron oxide, Fe2O3 ·H2O) were known to prehistoric man. Synthetic pigments came into use as early as the 2000 BCE. White lead was made by mixing lead and vinegar in the presence of carbon dioxide. Egyptian blue (calcium copper silicate) came from glass colored using malachite or another copper ore. As more and more pigments were developed, it became impossible to keep track of their composition. In the 20th century, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed standards for characteristics and testing of pigments. The Colour Index International (CII) is a published standard index that identifies each pigment according to its chemical composition. Over 27,000 pigments are indexed in the CII schema. Pigment Versus Dye A pigment is a substance that is either dry or else insoluble in its liquid carrier. A pigment in liquid forms a suspension. In contrast, a dye is either a liquid colorant or else dissolves in a liquid to form a solution. Sometimes a soluble dye may be precipitated into a metal salt pigment. A pigment made from a dye in this manner is called a lake pigment (e.g., aluminum lake, indigo lake). Pigment Definition in the Life Sciences In biology, the term pigment is defined somewhat differently, where a pigment refers to any colored molecule found in a cell, regardless of whether or not it is soluble. So, although hemoglobin, chlorophyll, melanin, and bilirubin (as examples) dont fit the narrow definition of pigment in science, they are biological pigments. In animal and plant cells, structural color also occurs. An example may be seen in butterfly wings or peacock feathers. Pigments are the same color no matter how they are viewed, while structural color depends on the viewing angle. While pigments are colored by selective absorption, structural color results from selective reflection. How Pigments Work Pigments selectively absorb wavelengths of light. When white light strikes a pigment molecule, there are different processes that can lead to absorption. Conjugated systems of double bonds  absorb light in some organic pigments. Inorganic pigments may absorb light by electron transfer. For example, vermilion absorbs light, transferring an electron from the sulfur anion (S2-) to a metal cation (Hg2). The charge-transfer complexes remove most colors of white light, reflecting or scattering back the remainder to appear as a certain color. Pigments absorb or subtract wavelengths and do not add to them like luminescent materials do. The spectrum of the incident light affects the appearance of a pigment. So, for example, a pigment wont appear quite the same color under sunlight as it would under fluorescent lighting because a different range of wavelengths are left to be reflected or scattered. When the color of a pigment is represented, the lab light color used to take the measurement must be stated. Usually this is 6500 K (D65), which corresponds to the color temperature of sunlight. The hue, saturation, and other properties of a pigment depend on other compounds that accompany it in products, such as binders or fillers. For example, if you purchase a color of paint, it will appear different depending on the formulation of the mixture. A pigment will look different depending on whether its final surface is glossy, matte, etc. The toxicity and stability of a pigment are also affected by other chemicals in a pigment suspension. This is of concern for tattoo inks and their carriers, among other applications. Many pigments are highly toxic in their own right (e.g., lead white, chrome green, molybdate orange, antimony white). List of Important Pigments Pigments may be classified according to whether they are organic or inorganic. Inorganic pigments may or may not be metal-based. Here is a list of some key pigments: Metallic Pigments cadmium pigments -  cadmium red, cadmium yellow, cadmium orange, cadmium green, cadmium sulfoselenidechromium pigments -  chrome yellow, viridian (chrome green)cobalt pigments -  cobalt blue, cobalt violet, cerulean blue,  aureolin  (cobalt yellow)copper pigments -  azurite, Egyptian blue, malachite, Paris green, Han purple, Han blue,  verigris, phthalocyanine green G, phthalocyanine blue BNiron oxide pigments -  red ochre, Venetian red, Prussian blue, sanguine, caput mortuum, oxide redlead pigments -  red lead, lead white,  cremnitz  white, Naples yellow, lead-tin yellowmanganese pigment -  manganese violetmercury pigment -  vermilliontitanium pigments -  titanium white, titanium black, titanium yellow, titanium beigezinc pigments -  zinc white, zinc ferrite Other Inorganic Pigments carbon pigments -  carbon black, ivory blackclay  earths  (iron oxides)ultramarine pigments (lapis lazuli) -  ultramarine, ultramarine green Organic Pigments biological pigments -  alizarin, alizarin crimson, gamboge, cochineal red, rose madder, indigo, Indian yellow, Tyrian purplenonbiological organic pigments -  quinacridone, magenta,  diarylide  yellow, phthalo blue, phthalo green, red 170

Special education _ Deaf_3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special education _ Deaf_3 - Essay Example It is evident from the beginning that acquisition of sign language is usually a more technical approach than the spoken language. At an early stage, deaf children begin to practice manual babbling as opposed to vocal babbling witnessed in hearing children (Emmorey, 2002 page170 line 5). The American Sign Language (ASL) which is a natural and direct sign language is first developed among deaf infants and it later results in the production of lexical signs. It is role of the parents especially mothers to deaf children to develop and adopt lexical signs that make sense (Andrews, 2003 page 18-19 line 3-7). Mothers of deaf children begin by making signs on the bodies of their deaf children as well as molding their hands to make signs. The motor nerves in the hands deaf children developed faster hence they are able to quickly use their hands to make signs. This makes deaf children to begin their process of language acquisition earlier than hearing children. Due to their very sensitive and mature visual cortex as opposed to their auditory cortex, they are able to clearly distinguish between objects (Andrews, 2003 page 18-19 line 8-9). Hearing babies are in a position to listen and watch or view an object being displayed at the same time and this forms a key difference between them and the deaf babies. Deaf children produce what is known as baby signs while hearing children produce baby words (Meier, 2002 page 882, line 5). Owing to the fact that speech can be heard in the womb by the unborn child, it is a clear prove that mothers have a big role to play in process of developing speech among children at the pre-natal stage. It is therefore the role of mothers to ensure that their children only listen to soothing sounds that will have positive impact in their lives later in life. Mothers can influence language type among their children at a tender age and this shows why children will quickly learn the